{"id":12004,"date":"2020-06-11T23:52:42","date_gmt":"2020-06-11T21:52:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/?p=12004"},"modified":"2020-06-12T00:20:10","modified_gmt":"2020-06-11T22:20:10","slug":"how-are-human-rights-classified","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/","title":{"rendered":"How Are Human Rights Classified?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The term \u201chuman rights\u201d is broad, so how do nations and organizations break them down and classify them? At the most basic, there are two types of human rights: civil or political rights, and social rights. Various international agreements and theories attempt to classify these further. Here are three examples:<\/p>\n<h2><strong>The thirty rights of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In 1948, following the end of WWII, the UN General Assembly came to the conclusion they needed to define human rights more clearly. The declaration consists of thirty rights, including freedom of thought, worker rights, the right to food and shelter, the right to marry, the right to life, the right to freedom from slavery, the right to a trial, and so on. When classified in a simpler way, experts say civil and political rights are found in articles 3-21, while economic, social, and cultural rights are in articles 22-28. The idea is that civil and political rights must be honored in order for people to also have economic, social, and cultural rights. There isn\u2019t one type of human rights that\u2019s more important than another. They are symbiotic. In the academic world, this is known as the <a href=\"https:\/\/scholars.wlu.ca\/poli_faculty\/17\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cfull belly\u201d thesis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>The three-baskets from the Helsinki Final Act <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In 1975, 35 member states from the West and Eastern Bloc signed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humanrights.ch\/en\/standards\/europe\/osce\/helsinki\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Final Act<\/a> of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe. This represented the first time the two competing groups signed anything that showed they were willing to cooperate on various issues. The Final Act included 10 principles, including one (Principle VII) whose purpose was to \u201crecognize the universal significance of human rights and fundamental freedoms\u2026\u201d The Act was not a treaty, but rather a broad definition of international security that the signed parties agreed on. The signing did provoke the formation of committees in many countries.<\/p>\n<p>Within the Act, the CSCE broke up its work into three \u201cbaskets,\u201d which included \u201cconfidence-building\u201d measures, cooperation in economics and science, and cooperation in humanitarian fields. The third basket is the one that focuses most on what we recognize as human rights. The wording is a bit vague, but it basically stated that all the signed parties agreed to human rights like freedom of speech. This basket was the trickiest part of the Final Act, since it was where the West and East disagreed the most. Looking back with 20\/20 vision, the East didn\u2019t uphold their end of the agreement especially well.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Vasek\u2019s three generations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In 1977, Karel Vasak published an essay that outlined his theory on human rights in international law. He identified <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.uab.edu\/humanrights\/2019\/01\/14\/the-generations-of-human-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three generations<\/a>. The first: civil and political rights, specifically the ones found in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The second, found in the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, includes rights like right to housing. The third, which Vasek said was just beginning, includes \u201csolidarity rights\u201d or \u201ccollective-developmental rights.\u201d These could include minority rights.\u00a0 Each of the three generations also has two subtypes. At the same time, Vasek distinguished the first and second generations as \u201cnegative rights,\u201d which means a person has the right for something to <em>not <\/em>happen to him, like slavery. \u201cPositive rights\u201d refer to rights where a person is entitled to something, like healthcare or housing.<\/p>\n<p>Vasak created these generations based on the three tenets of the French Revolution: liberty, equality, and fraternity. The usefulness of Vasek\u2019s three generations is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openglobalrights.org\/putting-to-rest-the-three-generations-theory-of-human-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hotly contested<\/a>, and the World Conference on Human Rights didn\u2019t like the idea that civil and political rights were distinguished from economic, social, and cultural rights. The difference between negative and positive rights is also problematic, because it can allow the powers that be to start weighing rights instead of treating them all as inalienable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":14238,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8805],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-issues","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.3 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Are Human Rights Classified? | Human Rights Careers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Are Human Rights Classified?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Human Rights Careers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanRightsCareers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-11T21:52:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-06-11T22:20:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/library-869061_640.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"426\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Emmaline Soken-Huberty\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HuRiCareers\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@HuRiCareers\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Emmaline Soken-Huberty\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Emmaline Soken-Huberty\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6f1a5aa6d77a682162b2d76bcf1628e4\"},\"headline\":\"How Are Human Rights Classified?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-11T21:52:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-06-11T22:20:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/\"},\"wordCount\":629,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/library-869061_640.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Issues\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/\",\"name\":\"How Are Human Rights Classified? | Human Rights Careers\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/library-869061_640.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-11T21:52:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-06-11T22:20:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/library-869061_640.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/library-869061_640.jpg\",\"width\":640,\"height\":426},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How Are Human Rights Classified?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/\",\"name\":\"Human Rights Careers\",\"description\":\"Opportunities, Courses, Jobs, Internships\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Human Rights Careers\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/stencil.default-15.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/stencil.default-15.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"Human Rights Careers\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanRightsCareers\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/HuRiCareers\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/human-rights-careers\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6f1a5aa6d77a682162b2d76bcf1628e4\",\"name\":\"Emmaline Soken-Huberty\",\"description\":\"Emmaline Soken-Huberty is a freelance writer based in Portland, Oregon. She started to become interested in human rights while attending college, eventually getting a concentration in human rights and humanitarianism. LGBTQ+ rights, women\u2019s rights, and climate change are of special concern to her. In her spare time, she can be found reading or enjoying Oregon\u2019s natural beauty with her husband and dog.\",\"sameAs\":[\"www.orf.at\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/author\/emmaline-soken-huberty\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How Are Human Rights Classified? | Human Rights Careers","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"How Are Human Rights Classified?","og_url":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/","og_site_name":"Human Rights Careers","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanRightsCareers\/","article_published_time":"2020-06-11T21:52:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-06-11T22:20:10+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":426,"url":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/library-869061_640.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Emmaline Soken-Huberty","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@HuRiCareers","twitter_site":"@HuRiCareers","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Emmaline Soken-Huberty","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/"},"author":{"name":"Emmaline Soken-Huberty","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6f1a5aa6d77a682162b2d76bcf1628e4"},"headline":"How Are Human Rights Classified?","datePublished":"2020-06-11T21:52:42+00:00","dateModified":"2020-06-11T22:20:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/"},"wordCount":629,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/library-869061_640.jpg","articleSection":["Issues"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/","url":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/","name":"How Are Human Rights Classified? | Human Rights Careers","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/library-869061_640.jpg","datePublished":"2020-06-11T21:52:42+00:00","dateModified":"2020-06-11T22:20:10+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/library-869061_640.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/library-869061_640.jpg","width":640,"height":426},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/issues\/how-are-human-rights-classified\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How Are Human Rights Classified?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/","name":"Human Rights Careers","description":"Opportunities, Courses, Jobs, Internships","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#organization","name":"Human Rights Careers","url":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/stencil.default-15.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/stencil.default-15.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"Human Rights Careers"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanRightsCareers\/","https:\/\/x.com\/HuRiCareers","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/human-rights-careers\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/#\/schema\/person\/6f1a5aa6d77a682162b2d76bcf1628e4","name":"Emmaline Soken-Huberty","description":"Emmaline Soken-Huberty is a freelance writer based in Portland, Oregon. She started to become interested in human rights while attending college, eventually getting a concentration in human rights and humanitarianism. LGBTQ+ rights, women\u2019s rights, and climate change are of special concern to her. In her spare time, she can be found reading or enjoying Oregon\u2019s natural beauty with her husband and dog.","sameAs":["www.orf.at"],"url":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/author\/emmaline-soken-huberty\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12004"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12004\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14243,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12004\/revisions\/14243"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.humanrightscareers.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}